Isibhengezo sasehlotyeni sikaTesla sokwakha inkqubo enkulu yokugcina ibhetri yehlabathi eMzantsi Ostreliya ibonakaliswe ngokugcina iinkcukacha eziphambili phantsi kwee-wraps.
Ngethamsanqa, ngelixa iprojekthi ihlala ifihliwe, ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokubekwa kweepaneli zelanga zeTesla kunye neebhetri kwisiqithi saseHawaii saseKauai, esivele kwi-intanethi ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, sinokufunyanwa okanye sithathwe.
Enyanisweni, ngoku kukho ulwazi olwaneleyo - ngokutsho kuka-Elon Musk - ukwenza izibalo.Kukwanjalo nakwimathematika ekhuthazayo.
Ngelixa kubalulekile ukuba isisombululo sikaTesla sinexabiso eliphantsi kunedizili, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba sixabiso eliphantsi nangona kusetyenziswa kuphela isibini esithathwini samandla okwenene wepaneli yelanga kunye nesibini kwisithathu somthamo webhetri.
Iprojekthi ye-Tesla ye-Kauai iquka iiphaneli ze-solar ze-55,000 ezikwazi ukubonelela ngee-megawatts ze-17 zamandla aphezulu e-DC kunye ne-52 megawatt-iiyure zokugcinwa kwebhetri ye-lithium-ion ngendlela ye-272 Powerpack 2s kwindawo ye-44-acre.
Inkulu kancinane kuneBuckingham Palace (iihektare ezingama-40) kwaye ingaphantsi kancinane kwesiqingatha sobukhulu beVatican (iihektare ezili-110).
Qaphela ukuba nangona uluhlu lwelanga luhlala lucatshulwa njenge-13 MW (AC esekelwe), i-Kauai Island Community Cooperative iqinisekisa inani njenge-17 MW (DC esekelwe).
I-Tesla inekhontrakthi kunye ne-Kauai Island Utility Cooperative ukubonelela ngegridi ukuya kuthi ga kwii-52 megawatt-iiyure zombane ubusuku ngabunye.Eli candelo livumile ukuhlawula umyinge osicaba we-13.9 yeesenti/kWh kwisibane esigciniweyo selanga, malunga ne-10% ngaphantsi komvuzo abawuhlawulayo xa besebenzisa iijenereyitha zedizili.
(Isiqithi sisafuna ukutshisa idizili ngamaxesha ombane akwincochoyi—hayi kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, neHawaii iba namafu kwaye kune imvula ngamanye amaxesha.)
Ngokuphathelele kutheni uTesla engakwazi ukuthengisa umbane ngokuthe ngqo kwigridi emini, igridi yeKauai ayinakukwazi ukufumana amandla amaninzi elanga: emini, i-photovoltaics sele idibene ngaphezu kweepesenti ze-90 zeemfuno zesiqithi.
Kwiwebhusayithi yeTesla, i-Powerpack 2 nganye inikwe i-210 kWh kwaye yenziwe nge-16 Powerwall 2s, yona ngokwayo ihlelwe kwi-13.2 kWh.Oku kunengqiqo kuba 13.2 kWh x 16 = 211.2 kWh.
Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wamandla opheleleyo wePowerwall 2 nganye uphezulu ngokuqinisekileyo.Ilinganiswe kwi-7 kWh, isizukulwana sokuqala i-Powerwall yibhetri ye-10 kWh elinganiswe ukujikeleza ukuya kuma-70 ekhulwini lomthamo wokukhupha, ngokutsho kweLebhu yeSizwe yaMandla aVuselelekayo.
Oku kufana nobunzulu besibini kwisithathu sokukhutshwa okusetyenziswe kwi-Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid, ekwasebenzisa i-nickel-manganese-chromium yebhetri yekhemistry.
Ngobunzulu bokukhutshwa kwesibini kwisithathu, imveliso yamandla engama-210 kWh ebonelelwa yiPowerpack 2 ithetha amandla apheleleyo angama-320 kWh.Ngaloo ndlela, umthamo opheleleyo we-272 Powerpack 2 kwi-Kauai yi-87 MWh.
Ukususela kwisibhengezo sokuqala sokugcina amandla kwi-2015, u-Elon Musk uthembise i-$ 250 / kWh ibhetri yexabiso lokuthunyelwa okukhulu kwaye waqinisekisa loo mfanekiso phambi kweprojekthi yakutshanje eMzantsi Australia.
Iindleko ze-$ 250 / kWh zamandla aqhelekileyo kwinqanaba lemodyuli liba namandla angaphantsi kakhulu e-$ 170 / kWh xa isibini kwisithathu sobunzulu bokukhutshwa sithathelwa ingqalelo.
Kutheni i-Tesla idwelisa amandla angama-57 MWh kwaye ingxelo kuphela ye-52 MWh?Iibhetri ezongezelelweyo ziya kubonelela ngomatshini eKauai onokuvelisa iiyure ezingama-52 zeemegawatt zombane ngosuku, nasemva kweminyaka engama-20 yokuguga kwebhetri.
Iipaneli zelanga ezifakwe eKauai zigxininisekile, oku kuthetha ukuba zifakwe kwi-angle esisigxina;azijikelezi emini, zilandela ilanga njengezinye izinto ezinkulu zofakelo lwelanga.
Ngokutsho kweLabhoratri yeSizwe iLawrence Berkeley, iiprojekthi ezintathu ezikhoyo zeSolar ezithambileyo eKauai beziqhuba isithuba esingaphezu konyaka, ziphumeza imiba yamandla engama-20%, 21% kunye nama-22%.(Umba wamandla ngumlinganiselo wamandla avelisiweyo sisitishi sombane ukuya kumandla alo aphezulu athiyori.)
Oku kuphakamisa ukuba amandla ombane we-21% yingcinga efanelekileyo yokuvelisa i-photovoltaic kwiprojekthi ye-Tesla's Kauai.Ngoko ke, ukuphindaphinda iimegawathi ezili-17 ngama-21% amandla kwiiyure ezingama-24 kusinika iiyure ezingama-86 zeemegawathi zombane ngosuku.
Ngokusekwe kwiinkcukacha zemveliso, unikezelo lwamandla lunokuguqula igalelo le-DC libe yimveliso ye-AC ngobuchule obumalunga ne-90%.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-86 MWh DC ejongene nelanga kufuneka ivelise malunga ne-77 MWh AC ejongene negridi.
Ukuya kuthi ga kwii-megawatt-iiyure ze-52 uTesla uthembisa ukuthengisa ubusuku bonke malunga nesibini kwisithathu se-77 megawatt-iiyure ezilindelwe nguTesla kwiipaneli zayo zelanga yonke imihla.
Ukubeka nje, zombini iiseli zelanga kunye neebhetri zininzi kakhulu, kodwa nangona kunjalo, uqoqosho luhlala lusebenza.
Ngelixa iTesla inokubonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwii-megawatt-iiyure ezingama-52 zombane kwigridi yeKauai yonke imihla, ayinakukwenza oko ngeentsuku ezinesaqhwithi okanye ezinemvula.
Ukuvavanya ezi ziphumo, isoftware yeSolarAnywhere yeSolarAnywhere ivelise ummeli wonyaka wedatha ye-solar irradiance yaseLihue, eKauai, apho iprojekthi yeTesla ikhona.
Ukungafihli, idatha esetyenziswe kolu hlalutyo inokujongwa kwi-tinyurl.com/TeslaKauai.
Unyaka omele we-SolarAnywhere idatha ibonisa i-avareji ye-horizontal exposure yehlabathi yeeyure ze-5.0 ngosuku, ehambelana nomxholo wamandla we-21%.Oku kuyangqinelana nedatha evela kwiLabhoratri yeSizwe yaseLawrence Berkeley.
I-SolarAnywhere idatha iqikelela ukuba kunyaka wayo wokuqala, i-Tesla iya kubonelela nge-avareji ye-50 megawatt-iiyure zombane ngosuku kwi-Kauai's utility cooperatives.
Ngebhetri eyongeziweyo ye-5 MWh, nasemva kokuthotywa kwe-10 lepesenti kwiphaneli yelanga kunye nomthamo webhetri, iTesla iqikelelwa ukuba ibonelela phakathi kwama-45 kunye nama-49 MWh wombane ngosuku kwigridi (kuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zesicwangciso sayo sokusebenza)..
Ukucinga ukuba i-avareji yegalelo lemihla ngemihla kwigridi yehla ukusuka kwi-50 MWh ukuya kwi-48 MWh kwiminyaka engama-20 ezayo, i-Tesla iya kubonelela nge-avareji ye-49 MWh ngosuku.
I-Green Tech Media iqikelela ukuba ifama yelanga ye-utility-scale iya kuxabisa malunga ne-1 ye-watt nganye ngexesha lofakelo e-Kauai, oku kuthetha ukuba inxalenye yelanga yeprojekthi e-Kauai iya kuxabisa malunga ne-17 yezigidi zeedola.Enkosi kwi-30 yepesenti yetyala lerhafu yotyalo-mali, oku kuzise malunga ne-12 yezigidi zeedola.
Uphando lwe-EPRI/Sandia National Laboratories oluqhutywe ngoDisemba 2015 luqikelele iindleko zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kweefama zelanga eziluncedo zibe phakathi kwe-$ 10 kunye ne-$ 25 ngekilowatt ngonyaka.Ukusebenzisa inani le-$25, iindleko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-O&M kwiiphaneli zesola ze-17 MW kwisiza ziya kuba yi-$425,000 ngonyaka.
Amanqaku aphezulu afanelekile kuba iprojekthi yeTesla Kauai ibandakanya ipakethe yebhetri kunye neepaneli ngokwazo.
Nge-250 yeedola nge-kilowatt ngeyure, iibhetri zeKauai zibiza malunga ne-13 yezigidi zeedola.I-Tesla ngokuqhelekileyo ixabisa i-wiring kunye nezixhobo zenkxaso yentsimi ngokwahlukeneyo, ezinokufikelela kwi-500,000 yeedola.
Emva kokukhetha ezona ndleko zimbi ze-O&M, siyakuthatha ezona ndleko zibalaseleyo zentambo kunye nezixhobo kwaye sicinge ukuba zisimahla.
Lilonke, iTesla iya kuba malunga ne-2.5 yezigidi zeedola ekuhambeni kwemali ngonyaka malunga ne-26 yezigidi zeedola kwiindleko zangaphambili (i-12 yezigidi zeedola kwifama yelanga, i-14 yezigidi zeedola kwiibhetri) kunye ne-$ 425,000 ngonyaka kwiindleko.
Ngaphantsi kwezi ngcamango, izinga langaphakathi lokubuyiswa kweprojekthi yeTesla Kauai yi-6.2%.
Ngelixa oku kuphantsi ngendlela engamkelekanga kumashishini amaninzi, iSolarCity, njengoninzi lweshishini lelanga, isebenzisa isaphulelo sokucinga sokuhamba kwemali esisi-6%, kwaye iKauai yayiyiprojekthi yeSolarCity ekuqaleni.(Jonga kwi-spreadsheet esidityaniswe ngasentla kwakhona ngeenkcukacha.)
Oku kubonisa ukuba amanani achanekile;sinokucinga ukuba iimpazamo kwiingqikelelo ezahlukeneyo zinokurhoxisa enye kwenye.
Ubuninzi bonyaka, iprojekthi yeTesla eKauai ivelisa umbane omninzi kakhulu kunokuba iibhetri zayo zinokuwuphatha.Okufanayo kuya kwiiprojekthi zexesha elizayo.kwenziwe ntoni?
Enye inketho kukusebenzisa umbane ogqithisileyo ukwahlula amanzi kunye nokuvelisa i-hydrogen kwizithuthi zeeseli zamafutha;Isikhululo sokuqala se-fuel cell hydrogenation saseHawaii siya kusebenzisa le ndlela kwi-Oahu.
Ukuba iprojekthi ye-Tesla ye-Kauai inokuthengisa ezinye ze-20 okanye ngaphezulu kwe-megawatt-iiyure ezinokuchitha imihla ngemihla ekuxhobiseni i-electrolyzers ye-hydrogen, isantya sangaphakathi seprojekthi sokubuyisela siya kunyuka ngakumbi, nokuba loo mbane inikezelwa ngexabiso elincitshisiweyo.
Oku kuya kudala imeko ephoxayo apho kunomdla kaTesla ukuba athembe ukuba impumelelo yeemoto ze-hydrogen fuel cell iya kudala imfuno yehydrogen.
Isifundo esingalindelekanga kwiprojekthi ye-Tesla ye-Kauai inokuthi kungekhona nje ukuba iiseli ze-fuel zingathinteli ukuguquka kwethu kumandla ahlaziyekayo okanye akhutshwayo, kodwa banokudlala indima ukuba i-hydrogen abayidlayo iveliswa ngokukodwa ngokusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo.amandla.
Isifundo esiphambili, nangona kunjalo, kukuba uTesla ubonakalise ukuba ukudibanisa iipaneli zelanga kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwenza ingqiqo yezoqoqosho kungekhona kwixesha elizayo, kodwa namhlanje.
Enyanisweni, kwi-Kauai, nangona kuphela isibini kwisithathu samandla kunye nesibini kwisithathu somthamo webhetri esetyenzisiweyo, ukudibanisa kuya kuba nengqiqo.
Ndiyavuma ukufumana ii-imeyile ezivela kwiiNgxelo zeMoto yeGreen.Ndiyaqonda ukuba ndingalukhupha ubhaliso nangaliphi na ixesha.Umthetho wabucala.
I-ID.Buzz yase-US iya kufika kamva ngo-2024 kwaye inikeze imiqolo emithathu yezihlalo, i-intshi eyongezelelweyo ye-10, amandla amaninzi kwaye mhlawumbi uluhlu olungaphezulu.
Abaqhubi be-Uber banokonga imali kumafutha kwaye bafumane i-$1 eyongezelelweyo ngokukhwela ngombane, ngelixa i-Mustang Mach-E ixabisa i-$ 199 ngeveki nge-app ye-Ford Drive.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-02-2023
